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Edgar Yipsel "Yip" Harburg (born Isidore Hochberg, (イディッシュ語:איסידור הוכברג); April 8, 1896 – March 5, 1981) was an American popular song lyricist who worked with many well-known composers. He wrote the lyrics to the standards "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?," "April in Paris," and "It's Only a Paper Moon," as well as all of the songs in ''The Wizard of Oz'', including "Over the Rainbow." He was known for the social commentary of his lyrics, as well as his liberal sensibilities. He also championed racial and gender equality and union politics. ==Early life and career== Harburg, the youngest of four surviving children (out of ten), was born Isidore Hochberg on the Lower East Side of New York City on April 8, 1896.〔(Yip Harburg: Biography from Answers.com ). Retrieved January 2, 2010.〕 His parents, Lewis Hochberg and Mary Ricing,〔(E. Y. Harburg ). Retrieved from Notable Names Database on January 12, 2010.〕 were Yiddish-speaking〔 Orthodox Jews〔(Songwriters Hall of Fame - E.Y. Harburg Biography ). Retrieved January 2, 2010.〕 who had emigrated from Russia.〔(Yip Harburg biography ). Retrieved January 2, 2010.〕 Isidore later adopted the name Edgar Harburg, and came to be best known as Edgar "Yip" Harburg. He attended Townsend Harris High School, where he and Ira Gershwin, who met over a shared fondness for Gilbert and Sullivan, worked on the school paper and became lifelong friends. According to his son Ernie Harburg, Gilbert, and Irish dramatist George Bernard Shaw taught his father, a "democratic socialist, () sworn challenger of all tyranny against the people, that 'humor is an act of courage' and dissent".〔Robert Mackey ("BBC Won’t Ban ‘Ding Dong! The Witch Is Dead,’ Adopted as Anti-Thatcher Anthem" ), "The Lede" (blog), ''New York Times'', 12 April 2013〕 After World War I, Harburg returned to New York, and graduated from City College (later part of the City University of New York), which Ira Gershwin had initially attended with him, in 1921.〔("E. Y. Harburg" ), Songwriters Hall of Fame〕 After Harburg married and had two children, he started writing light verse for local newspapers. He became a co-owner of Consolidated Electrical Appliance Company, but the company went bankrupt following the crash of 1929, leaving Harburg "anywhere from $50,000 - $70,000 in debt," which he insisted on paying back over the course of the next few decades. At this point, Harburg and Ira Gershwin agreed that "Yip" should start writing song lyrics. Gershwin introduced Harburg to Jay Gorney, who collaborated with him on songs for an Earl Carroll Broadway review (''Earl Carroll's Sketchbook''): the show was successful and Harburg was engaged as lyricist for a series of successful revues, including ''Americana'' in 1932, for which he wrote the lyrics of "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" to the tune of a lullaby Gorney had learned as a child in Russia. This song swept the nation, becoming an anthem of the Great Depression. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yip Harburg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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